Think Positive Cyber

This morning, I headed out to CL-208-71-001 and watched the educational video titled “Firewall Types – CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 – 3.2.” This video provided essential insights into the roles and functionalities of firewalls.

I learned that firewalls manage data flow between two points, allowing control over website accessibility. They are integral in both business and home environments, operating primarily at OSI Layer 4 (handling TCP/UDP protocols) but modern ones can inspect traffic even at OSI Layer 7. They manage encrypted VPN traffic and typically function as Layer 3 devices, often incorporating NAT capabilities.

Older firewalls, categorized as Unified Threat Management (UTM) devices or All-in-one Security Appliances, offer extensive features such as URL filtering, content inspection, malware and spam filtering, bandwidth shaping, and VPN concentration. However, UTMs can face performance issues at Layer 4 due to intensive port number processing.

Next-generation firewalls (NGFW) significantly enhance firewall capabilities by inspecting traffic thoroughly at OSI Layer 7. They decode packets, analyze traffic origins, and identify the nature of content to enforce security rules efficiently. NGFWs can operate as intrusion prevention systems (IPS) and perform advanced content filtering, such as blocking gambling sites or services like ESPN.com.

Another specialized firewall is the Web Application Firewall (WAF). Unlike typical firewalls, WAFs specifically protect web applications by scrutinizing HTTP and HTTPS inputs. They effectively prevent vulnerabilities such as SQL injections, Cross-site scripting (XSS), and other potential security threats, crucial for compliance with standards like the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

Following my study session, I logged into Notion.so and successfully applied for four cybersecurity positions. Later this evening, I plan to continue searching and applying for additional cybersecurity roles.

To maintain my physical wellness, I’m scheduling a jog of approximately 30–35 minutes, followed by a 45-minute stair climber session. Yesterday, on May 29, 2025, I completed a 3.11-mile jog in 34:11 minutes and an additional 35-minute session, maintaining a consistent fitness routine.